The Picatrix
An influential medieval text on magic, the Picatrix is a 10th-11th century Arabic grimoire translated into Latin in the 12th century. It compiles astrological and magical knowledge, describing complex rituals for invoking planetary spirits and using talismans.
The Picatrix was widely read by European magicians and became a foundational work for Renaissance occultism.
The Key of Solomon
Attributed (likely pseudepigraphically) to King Solomon, this grimoire dates back to medieval times and includes instructions for summoning spirits, creating magical seals, and performing protective rituals. It blended Judaic mysticism with medieval Christian and folk magical traditions.The Key of Solomon heavily influenced later Western ceremonial magic.Magic in the Middle Ages was closely linked to the practices of alchemy and astrology.
Alchemy
Alchemy combined proto-chemical experimentation with mystical philosophy. Medieval alchemists sought to transform base metals into gold and discover the elixir of life, symbolizing spiritual purification as well as physical transformation.
Alchemical texts were often cryptic, combining chemical recipes with allegory and magical symbols, reflecting the secretive nature of the art. Many alchemists were also magicians, believing their work harnessed cosmic forces.
Astrology
Astrology was considered a scientific discipline in the medieval period, essential for medicine, agriculture, and politics. The positions of planets and stars were thought to influence human fate and natural phenomena.
Astrologers often doubled as magicians, using planetary correspondences to time rituals, craft talismans, and predict outcomes. Monarchs and nobles frequently consulted court astrologers for advice. shutdown123